Metal-working lubricant



Patented July 14, 19 1? Wilbur C. HolinesfHollydale, Calif., assignor to Tap and Drill Ez C0rp., Inglewood, Califi, a corporation of California No Drawing. Continuation of application Serial No. 48,149, September 7, 1948. This application October 29, 1951, Serial No. 253,755

8 Claims. (01. 252-56) My invention relates to the field of lubricants; particularly to a lubricant adapted-for use on drills, taps, cutting tools, grinding wheels, and the like, and is a continuation of my patent application Serial No. 48,149, filed September "7, 1948, entitled Lubricant, and now abandoned.

In the high-speed drilling of metals and plastic materials, as well as in the tapping of the resulting holes, it is desirable to havea lubricant on the drill or tap which will not be displaced there: from by centrifugal force, nor flow therefrom as a fluid due to the heat generated during this mechanical operation. A number of lubricants have been developed in the past for use with drills and taps, but the majority of them are in liquid.

form. As is well known, any liquid lubricantis easily thrown from a high-speed drill, and as i a result liquid lubricants fail to serve the purpose for which they are intended and also spatter the operator as Well as everythin in the immediate vised my present invention, which may be applied in a paste form to drills, taps, cutting tools, and grinding wheels.

A major object of my invention is to'provide a paste lubricant that may be applied in that form to a drill, tap, cuttingtool or grinding wheel to prevent heating of such tool when in operationto cause damage thereto, with the paste having a suificiently high consistency to permit it to remain on the tool even during high-speed rotation.

Another object of my invention is to provide a lubricant that is non-inflammable, is convenient to use, will have a sufficiently high melting point so as not to assume a liquid state due to the heating of the tool on which it is applied'as the tool performs its particular mechanical operation, and one that can be compounded from commercially available materials which are relatively low in cost whereby the sale thereof is at such a price as to encourage its widespread use.

A further object of my invention is to provide a lubricant which will lower production cost in that ordinary inexpensive carbon drills may be operated at the same speeds and drill substantially all materials for which high speed drills are required, when lubricated with my new and novel lubricant compound.

Yet another object of my invention is to provide a lubricant which when applied thereto will permit grinding wheels to be used in grinding soft materials such as brass and aluminum without the ground material adhering to the wheel.

A still further object of my invention is to provide a lubricant that will maintain a drill ortap in a sufficiently cool condition to permit drilling or tapping of plastic materials without melting or fusing of the plastic surface.

These and other objects and advantages of my invention will become apparent from thefollowing description of a preferred form thereof.

The composition of my lubricant preferably includes and consists essentially of carbon tetrachloride, paraflin Wax, beeswax, and lubricating oil such as is commonly used in internal combustion engines.

For best lubricating results, it has been found desirable that these materials be intermixed in proportions by weight falling within the following ranges I 2 to 6 parts paraffin wax 3 to 5 parts beeswax 1 to 3 parts machine lubricating oil 1 to 2 parts carbon tetrachloride Two typical formulas which have proven satisfactory are the following:

Composition A Of these two formulas, the first listed is in some respects better for most metal working operations.

In preparing my lubricant I have found that it may be compounded by mixing and agitating the components thereof together until the mixture assumes the characteristics of a paste. The purpose of the carbon tetrachloride is that of a fire preventative. Although the lubricant of my invention minimizes heat generated byv a cutting or drilling tool While in operation, the carbon operate to provide the primary lubricant of the.

compound. I have found that the paraffin wax may have a melting point of between 143'?" to 170 Fahrenheit, but I prefer a wax which has a. melting point of approximately 165 Fahrenheit. Al-

though waxes such as carnauba wax, ceresin,'

candelilla, and the like, have been used successfully, the best results are obtained with paraffin wax.

Beeswax is employed in my lubricant compound its tough, pliable body as well as its polishing;

action on any surface with which it comes into rubbing. contact. The melting point of beeswax is from 140 to 149 Fahrenheit, and it acts as a lubricant as soon as a cutting tool begins to generate heat due to friction, with the paraflin remains in a semi-solid state until a considerably higher temperature is reached.

Lubricating oil is employed in my compound to actas a carrying vehicle for the paraffin wax and beeswax, and serves to give a smooth finish to the walls of the hole being drilled or tapped, as well as to permit the paste lubricant to bespread thinly and evenly on a grindin wheel. The lubricating. oil may be any one of the commercially available oils for the lubrication of machinery, and while not essential, should preferably be of a viscosity 40 Saybolt. Ihave successfully used lubricating oils with a viscosity as low as. Saybolt, and. in the opposite extreme, oils of 1 such consistency that they border on grease. In the commercial production of my lubricant I normally use oil drainings from automobiles which have. been thoroughly processed to remove anymetallic content. Thus it will be apparent that the type and viscosity of the lubricating oil. used in my lubricant compound is not important so long as the amount added thereto does not prevent it from remaining in the paste form. I have found that various commercially available cutting oils may be used as a. substitute for a machine lubricating oil, but I have not found this to be completely satisfactory as some cutting oils stain various metals normally unaffected by' a machine lubricating oil.

The preparation of my invention is extremely simple. After the components of my lubricant. have been thoroughly mixed together and agi tated they form a paste having droplets of carbon tetrachloride dispersed therethrough. The resulting paste is then packaged in cylindrical tubes or containers for use. I have found that narrow cylindrical containers of approximately one inch in diameter and from five to six inchesin length to be a most convenient size for the average machine operator. However, a larger container may be used which is adapted for.

placement on a bench and the cutting tools and considerable savings. carbon drill to be successfully used in forming a smooth bore in hard materials such as files and 10 'faceflto allowieasy tapping thereof. Thus by the 4 lubricant have been found sufficiently accurate for precision work, and are equal to the results attained by high speed drills. It has been found that'therlifeofboth high speed and carbon drills have been prolonged when my lubricant has been used in conjunction therewith, which results in My lubricant permits a the bore'sot formed-has a sufficiently smooth suruse of the compound of my invention a carbon drill may be used in the same manner and for the-same pnrpcses a's a high speed drill.

While the above described lubricant is fully capable of attaining the objects and providing the advantages hereinbefore stated, it is to be understood that it is merely illustrative of the.

presently" preferred form of my invention, and that I do'n'ot'mean to limit myself to the details herein shown and described other than as defined in the appended claims.

I claim:

I. A' tool lubricant composition in a paste form consisting essentially of substantially two parts paraflin W8;X1th168- parts beeswax, one part machine lubricating oil, and one part carbon tetrachloride on a weight basis, with a portion of the carbon tetrachloride disposed through the paste in'the'form of droplets.

21, A to'ollubricant composition in a paste form consisting essentially of substantially two parts parafiin wax; three parts beeswax, one part machine lubricating oil, and one part carbon tetrachloride on a weight basis.

3'. A toolilubricant composition in a paste form consisting essentially on a weight basis of two to siX' parts parafiin wax, three to five parts beeswax, one to three and one-half parts machine. lubricating oil and one. to two parts carbon tetrachloride.

4. A tool lubricant composition in a paste form consisting essentiallyof two to six parts paraifin wax andthree' to fivepa'rts beeswax, to which machine lubricating oil and carbon tetrachloride is added duringagitation of the mixture until said mixture assumes the form'ofa paste.

5. A. tool lubricant" composition comprising 2 to 6 parts'by weightof paraffin' wax, 3 to 5 parts by' weight of; beeswax, and lubricating oil, and havingthe. consistency of a paste.

6.,A tool lubricant composition as. recited in claim 5', including carbon tetrachloride.

'7. A tool lubricant composition as recited in claim 5.,including. one to three and one-half parts of said lubricating. oil.

8. A. tool lubricant. composition. as recited inclaim fi', including one tothree and one-half parts of said lubricating. oil, and including carbon tetrachloride.

WILBUR C. HOLMES.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED' STATES PATENTS Number. Name Date 1,948,194. Williams Feb. 20, 1934 1,953,904 Bowyeret. al. Apr. 3, 1934 2,298,844 Schilling et a1. Oct. 13, 1942 2,444,357 Maguire June 29, 1948 2,466,927 Burton Apr. 12, 1949 OTHER REFERENCES Chip Formation, Friction and Finish, Ernst & Merchant, Cincinnati Milling Machine 00., Cincinnati, Ohio; 1940, page 27. 

1. A TOOL LUBRICANT COMPOSITION IN A PASTE FORM CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF SUBSTANTIALLY TWO PARTS PARAFFIN WAX, THREE PARTS BEESWAX, ONE PART MACHINE LUBRICATING OIL, AND ONE PART CARBON TETRACHLORIDE ON A WEIGHT BASIS, WITH A PORTION OF THE CARBON TETRACHLORIDE DISPOSED THROUGH THE PASTE IN THE FORM OF DROPLETS. 